San Diego County, California
San Diego County is a county of the United States that is located in the southwestern corner of the State of California. Hence, San Diego County is also located in the southwestern corner of the 48 contiguous United States. Both the county seat and largest city of San Diego County is City of San Diego.The population of San Diego County was about 2,813,835 in the 2000 U.S. Census. In July 2008, an estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau set its population at about 3,001,000 people, making San Diego County the third-most-populous county in California, just behind its northern neighbors Orange County and Los Angeles County. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 3,208,466, making it the fifth most-populous county in the United States and giving it a population greater than 20 of the 50 U.S. states.San Diego County contains the American metropolitan statistical area of San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos. In addition, San Diego County is part of the San Diego – Tijuana metropolitan area, an area with above five million people and the largest bi-national metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico. San Diego County is also part of the Southern California Border Region, also referred to as the 'San Diego-Imperial area', the smallest but most economically-diverse region in the state.San Diego County extends south all the way to the Mexican border, which is also the northern border of the State of Baja California and the northern city limits of the city of Tijuana, Mexico. San Diego County is bordered by Orange County and Riverside County on its north, by Imperial County, California on its east, and the Pacific Ocean on its west and southwest. San Diego County is the location of miles of fine beaches, and a mild Mediterranean to semi-arid climate. Also in this county are 16 significant naval and military locations of the United States Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and the U.S. Coast Guard, including Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, and Naval Air Station North Island.
History
The area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 10,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueño), Luiseño, Cupeño and Cahuilla Indians.European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the Mission San Diego de Alcalá, by Spanish pioneers, in 1769. This county was part of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the Mexican revolution. From 1821 through 1848 this area was part of Mexico.San Diego County became part of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the U.S.-Mexican War. This treaty designated the new border as terminating at a point on the Pacific Ocean coast which would result in the border passing one Spanish league south of the southernmost portion of San Diego Bay, thus ensuring that the United States received all of this natural harbor.San Diego County was one of the original counties of California, and it was created at the time of California statehood in 1850. San Diego County was named for San Diego Bay, which had been rechristened in 1602 by Sebastián Vizcaíno in honor of the Franciscan St. Didacus of Alcalá, known in Spanish as San Diego de Alcalá de Henares, and whose name was borne by Vizcaíno's flagship.As originally created in 1850 San Diego County was quite large, and it included all of southmost California that was south and east of Los Angeles County. As such it included major parts of what are now Inyo County and San Bernardino County, and all of Riverside County and Imperial County.During the later part of the 19th Century, there were numerous changes in the boundaries of San Diego County, when various areas were sliced off to form the newer counties mentioned above. The most recent changes were the creation of Riverside County in 1893 and Imperial County in 1907. Imperial County was the last new county to be established in California, and after this division, San Diego no longer extended from the Pacific Ocean to the Colorado River, and it no longer covered the entire border between California and Mexico.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, San Diego County has a total area of 4,526 square miles (11,721 km²), of which 4,200 sq mile (10,878 km²) are land and 326 sq mile (843 km²) (7.20%) are water.San Diego County has a varied topography. On its western side is 70 miles (110 km) of coastline. Most of San Diego between the coast and the Laguna Mountains consists of hills, mesas, and small canyons. Snow-capped (in winter) mountains rise to the northeast, with the Sonoran Desert to the far east. Cleveland National Forest is spread across the central portion of the county, while the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occupies most of the northeast.North San Diego County is known locally as 'North County'; the exact geographic definitions of 'North County' vary, but it includes the northern suburbs and sometimes certain northern neighborhoods of the City of San Diego.The eastern suburbs are collectively known as 'East County', though most still lie in the western third of the county. The southern suburbs and southern detached portion of the city of San Diego, extending to the Mexican border, are collectively referred to as 'South Bay'.
Largest cities in San Diego County by population
1.San Diego1,387,000
2.Chula Vista244,000
3.Oceanside182,000
4.Escondido151,000
5.Carlsbad109,000
6.Vista99,000
7.El Cajon97,000
8.San Marcos89,000
9.Encinitas62,000
10.National City62,000
Cities and towns in San Diego County
Incorporated cities and townsCarlsbad
Chula Vista
Coronado
Del Mar
El Cajon
Encinitas(Cardiff-by-the-Sea,Leucadia,Olivenhain)
Escondido
Imperial Beach
La Mesa
Lemon Grove
National City
Oceanside(San Luis Rey)
Poway
San Diego
San Marcos
Santee
Solana Beach
Vista
Unincorporated communitiesSan Ysidro
Urban communities of San Diego County
In San Diego County, many of the urban cities and communities are located on the south side of Interstate 8.
Indian reservations
San Diego County has 18 federally-recognized Indian reservations, more than any other county in the United States. Although they are typical in size to other Indian reservations in California (many of which are termed 'Rancherías'), they are relatively tiny by national standards,[citation needed] and all together total 200.2 square miles (518.5 km²) of area.Barona Indian Reservation
Campo Indian Reservation
Capitan Grande Indian Reservation
Cuyapaipe Indian Reservation
Inaja and Cosmit Indian Reservation
Jamul Indian Village
La Jolla Indian Reservation
La Posta Indian Reservation
Los Coyotes Indian Reservation
Manzanita Indian Reservation
Mesa Grande Indian Reservation
Pala Indian Reservation
Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation
Rincon Indian Reservation
San Pasqual Indian Reservation
Santa Ysabel Indian Reservation
Sycuan Indian Reservation
Viejas Indian Reservation
National protected areas
Cabrillo National Monument
Cleveland National Forest(part)
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex, which includes several individual wildlife refuge areas:San Diego Bay South Bay
San Diego Bay Sweetwater Marsh
Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge
Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge (located inOrange County)
San Diego National Wildlife Refuge
Vernal Pools
State parks and protected areas
Anza-Borrego Desert State Park(portions are also inImperialandRiversidecounties)
Torrey Pines State Reserve
Cuyamaca Rancho State Park
Palomar MountainState Park
San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park
Old Town San Diego State Historic Park
Border Field State Park
Tijuana RiverNatural Estuarine Research Reserve
San Onofre State Beach
Moonlight State Beach
Carlsbad State Beach
South Carlsbad State Beach
Leucadia State Beach
San Elijo State Beach
Cardiff State Beach
Torrey Pines State Beach
Silver StrandState Beach
Mountains
Cuyamaca Mountains
In-Ko-Pah Mountains
Jacumba Mountains
Laguna Mountains
Palomar Mountain
Peninsular Ranges
San Ysidro Mountains
Santa Ana Mountains
Volcan Mountains
There are 236 mountain summits and peaks in San Diego County including:Black Mountain
Cuyamaca Peak(second highest point in San Diego County)
Cowles Mountain(highest point in the city of San Diego)
Mount Helix
Hot Springs Mountain(highest point in San Diego County)
Mount Soledad
Stonewall Mountain
Rivers
San Diego River
San Luis Rey River
San Dieguito River
Sweetwater River (California)
Otay River
Tijuana River
Border crossings to Mexico
San Ysidro Border Crossing
Otay Mesa Border Crossing
Tecate Border Crossing
Railroads
AMTRAK
Pacific Surfliner
Coast Starlight
The Coaster
San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway
San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad
Light rail and local transit
San Diego Trolley
San Diego Metropolitan Transit System
Sprinter
North County Transit District
The The <a href='/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego' title='Port of San Diego'>Port of San DiegoThe <a href='/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego' title='Port of San Diego'>Port of San Diego</a>
Embarcadero (San Diego)
Primary Civilian Airports
Lindbergh Field(San Diego International Airport) (SAN)
Montgomery Field, (MYF)
McClellan-Palomar Airport, (CLD or CRQ) a.k.a. Palomar Airport or Carlsbad Airport
Gillespie Field, (SEE) in El Cajon
Agua Caliente Airport
Borrego Valley Airport
Fallbrook Airport
Oceanside Municipal Airport
Ocotillo Airport
Ramona Airport, (RNM)
Brown Field Municipal Airport, (SDM) (formerly East Field, NAAS Otay Mesa, and NAAS Brown Field)
U.S. Navy
Naval Base San Diego, also known as '32nd Street Naval Station'
Naval Amphibious Base Coronado
Naval Air Station North Island
Naval Base Point Loma, which includes the Submarine Base and the Fleet Antisubmarine Warfare Training Center
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center San Diego(SPAWAR)
Bob Wilson Naval Hospital, formerly the Naval Medical Center San Diego, also known as Balboa Naval Hospital
U.S. Marine Corps
Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego
U.S. Coast Guard
Coast Guard Air Station San Diego
Sites of interest
Mount Laguna Observatory, owned and primarily operated bySan Diego State University
Palomar Observatory, owned and primarily operated by theCalifornia Institute of Technology
TheRamona Valleywine-producing region, located 28 miles (45 km) northeast of the City of San Diego
San Diego Zoo Safari Park, formerly known as the San Diego Wild Animal Park, 35 miles (56 km) north of theSan Diego Zooand east of Escondido
Sea Worldof San Diego, on Mission Bay.
Mission BayRecreation Area, including Fiesta Island, a sheltered bay popular for water sports, also known for the annualOver the linetournament.
Mission San Diego de Alcala, the first of California's 21 Spanish missions. It is an operating Roman Catholic parish and also is open for historical interest tours during the week. It is located near the interchange of Interstates 8 and 15.
Balboa Park, with numerous museums and other cultural locations, located just north ofDowntown San Diego.
San Diego Zoo, located in Balboa Park
Old Town San Diego State Historic Park, located at the western end ofMission Valley, north ofDowntown San Diego. It preserves and recreates the original settlement of San Diego during itspueblo,Alta California, and early American periods, through 1872.
Presidio Park, located on a bluff directly above Old Town, a city historic park on the site of theSan Diego Presidio, the first European settlement in California.
Cabrillo National Monument, located at the southern tip of thePoint LomaPeninsula. It has historical exhibits aboutJuan Rodriguez CabrilloandWorld War IIas well as theOld Point Loma Lighthousewhich is open to the public. It offers striking views of the harbor and ocean, natural areas for hiking and bird watching, and tide pools.
San Diego Baycontains theaircraft carrierUSSMidwaynow used as a memorial ship and as a floating museum, and the eight floating museum ships of theSan Diego Maritime Museum. Harbor cruises, sailing, and sport fishing are also available.
Legoland Californiais a 'Lego' theme park inCarlsbad. It is the only Legoland outside of Europe.
Alta Vista Gardensis aBotanical GardeninVistadedicated to bringing together 'People, Nature & Art'.
Politics
San Diego County has historically been a Republican stronghold: 2008 was the first time in decades that a Democratic presidential nominee won a majority of the county's votes (though in 1992 Bill Clinton won a plurality). The city of San Diego itself is more Democratic than the county's average (though fairly moderate for a large city) and has voted for Democrats Clinton, Gore, Kerry, and Obama in the last five presidential elections respectively. The city of San Diego, as well as Coronado and Imperial Beach, is part of the 53rd congressional district which has a Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) of D +12. San Diego's northern and eastern suburbs tend to be very conservative. Northern suburbs including Carlsbad are part of the 50th district with a CPVI of R +5. In the 2004 presidential election, San Diego, Encinitas, National City, Del Mar, and some other areas voted for John Kerry; San Marcos, Escondido, Carlsbad, Oceanside, Coronado, Santee, Poway, El Cajon, and Vista overwhelmingly backed George W. Bush. Chula Vista, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, Solana Beach, and Imperial Beach are considered swing areas of the county – Chula Vista and Imperial Beach narrowly backed Al Gore in 2000 but narrowly voted for Bush in 2004, while Solana Beach switched from Bush in 2000 to Kerry in 2004. La Mesa narrowly voted for Bush both times, and Lemon Grove narrowly went Democratic both times. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first Democrat to win a majority of votes in San Diego County since World War II. Obama captured Chula Vista, Oceanside, and Carlsbad.One unique feature of the political scene is the use of Golden Hall, a convention facility next to City Hall, as a central elections center. The County Registrar of Voters rents the hall to distribute election results. Supporters and political observers are invited to watch the results come in, candidates give their victory and concession speeches and host parties for campaign volunteers and donors at the site, and television stations broadcast from the floor of the convention center. Golden Hall was scheduled to be closed in 2004, but was reused again for the November 2005 special election. The atmosphere on the evening of election day is often comparable to the voting portion of a political party national convention.In the House of Representatives, all of California's 50th, 52nd, and 53rd districts and parts of the 49th and 51st districts are in the county. By district, the seats are held by Republican Darrell Issa, Republican Brian Bilbray, Democrat Bob Filner, Republican Duncan D. Hunter, and Democrat Susan Davis.On Nov. 4, 2008 San Diego County voted 53.8 % for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriages, thus restoring Proposition 22 which was overturned by a ruling from the California Supreme Court. However the city of San Diego, along with Del Mar, Encinitas, and Solana Beach, voted against Proposition 8.In the State Assembly, parts of the 66th and 73rd districts, and all of the 74th–79th districts are in the county. Districts 76 and 79 are held by Democrats, Lori Saldaña and Mary Salas respectively; the others are held by Republicans; by district they are Kevin Jeffries, Mimi Walters, Martin Garrick, George A. Plescia, Joel Anderson, and Shirley Horton.In the State Senate, all of the 39th district and parts of the 36th, 38th, and 40th districts are in the county and are held by Republicans Dennis Hollingsworth and Mark Wyland, and Democrats Christine Kehoe and Denise Moreno Ducheny.
Demographics
As of 2006, there were 2,941,454 people, 1,067,846 households, and 663,449 families residing in the county. The population density was 670 people per square mile (259/km²). There were 1,118,410 housing units at an average density of 248 per square mile (96/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 69.5% White American, 5.2% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 10.2% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 10.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. 29.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 67.0% spoke English, 21.9% Spanish, 3.1% Tagalog and 1.2% Vietnamese as their first language.In 2000 there were 994,677 households out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.29.In the county the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.30% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.The median income for a household in the county was $47,067, and the median income for a family was $53,438. Males had a median income of $36,952 versus $30,356 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,926. About 8.9% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.
Current estimates
According to estimates by the San Diego Association of Governments, the median household income of San Diego County in 2005 was $64,273 (not adjusted for inflation). When adjusted for inflation (1999 dollars; comparable to Census data above), the median household income was $52,192.
Crime statistics
Crime statistics for 2005 (Reported by the sheriff's office or police)Murders: 105
Rapes: 86
Robberies: 270
Assaults: 1220
Burglaries: 2469
Thefts: 4626
Auto thefts: 2084