College Park, Maryland
College Park is a city in Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. The population was 24,657 at the 2000 census. It is best known as the home of the University of Maryland, College Park, and since 1994 the city has also been home to the 'Archives II' facility of the U.S. National Archives.College Park's United States Postal Service ZIP codes are 20740, 20741 (Berwyn Heights; North College Park) and 20742 (University of Maryland).
Bordering areas
Beltsville(North)
Berwyn Heights(East)
University Park(Southwest)
Riverdale Park(South)
Adelphi(West)
Hyattsville(Southwest)
Geography
College Park is located at 38°59′48″N 76°55′39″W / 38.99667°N 76.9275°W / 38.99667; -76.9275 (38.996560, -76.927509).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14.1 km²), of which, 5.4 square miles (14.1 km²) of it is land and 0.18% is water.
History
College Park was developed beginning in 1889 near the Maryland Agricultural College (later the University of Maryland) and the College Station stop of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The suburb was incorporated in 1945 and included the subdivisions of College Park, Lakeland, Berwyn, Oak Spring, Branchville, Daniel's Park, and Hollywood. The original College Park subdivision was first platted in 1872 by Eugene Campbell. The area remained undeveloped and was re-platted in 1889 by John O. Johnson and Samuel Curriden, Washington real estate developers. The original 125-acre (0.51 km2) tract was divided into a grid-street pattern with long, narrow building lots, with a standard lot size of 50 feet (15 m) by 200 feet (61 m). College Park developed rapidly, catering to those who were seeking to escape the crowded Washington, D.C., as well as to a rapidly expanding staff of college faculty and employees. College Park originally included single-family residences constructed in the Shingle, Queen Anne, and Stick styles, as well as modest vernacular dwellings. Commercial development increased in the 1920s, aided by the increased automobile traffic and the growing campus along Baltimore Avenure / Route 1. By the late 1930s, most of the original subdivision had been partially developed. Several fraternities and sororities from the University of Maryland built houses in the neighborhood. After World War II, construction consisted mostly of infill of ranch and split-level houses. After incorporation in 1945, the city continued to grow and build a municipal center in 1959.The Lakeland neighborhood was developed beginning in 1892 around the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whose Branchville and Calvert Road depots were located approximately one mile to the north and south, respectively. Lakeland was created by Edwin Newman, who improved the original 238 acres (0.96 km2) located to the west of the railroad. He also built a number of the original homes, a small town hall, and a general store. The area was originally envisioned as a resort-type community around Lake Artemesia. However, due to the flood-prone, low-lying topography, the neighborhood attracted a lower-income population became an area for African-American settlement. Around 1900, the Baltimore Gold Fish Company built five artificial lakes in the area to spawn goldfish and rare species of fish. A one-room school was built in 1903 for the African-American population; a new school was built in 1925.The Berwyn neighborhood was developed beginning about 1885 adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It was created by Francis Shannabrook, a Pennsylvanian who purchased a tract of land between Baltimore Avenue and the railroad tracks. Shannabrook established a small depot, built a general store, and erected approximately 15 homes in the area to attract moderate-income families looking to move out of Washington. The neighborhood began to grow after 1900 when the City and Suburban Electric Railway entered the area. By 1925 there were approximately 100 single-family homes; mostly two-story, wood-frame buildings. The community continued to develop in the 1930s and 1940s with small one-story brick bungalows.The Daniels Park neighborhood was developed beginning in 1905 on the east and west sides of the City and Suburban Electric Railway in north College Park. Daniels Park was created by Edward Daniels on 47 acres (190,000 m2) of land. This small residential subdivision was improved with single-family houses arranged along a grid pattern of streets. The houses range in style from American Foursquares to bungalows, and were built between 1905 and the 1930s.The Hollywood neighborhood was developed beginning in the early 20th century along the City and Suburban Electric Railway. Edward Daniels, the developer of Daniels Park, planned the Hollywood subdivision as a northern extension of that earlier community. Development in Hollywood was slow until after World War II when Albert Turner acquired large tracts of the northern part of the neighborhood in the late 1940s. Turner was able to develop and market brick and frame three-bedroom bungalows beginning in 1950. By 1952, an elementary school had been built. The Hollywood Park, a 21-acre (85,000 m2) facility along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad line, is operated by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.
Spring Training
In 1943, the Washington Senators held Spring Training camp in College Park. In order to conserve rail transport during World War II, the 1943 Spring Training was limited to an area east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River.
September 2001 Tornado
On September 24, 2001, a violent, multiple-vortex F3 tornado roared through the area. This storm moved at peak intensity through the University of Maryland, College Park campus, and then moved parallel to I-95 through the Laurel area, where F3 damage was also noted. The damage path from this storm was measured at 17.5 miles (28.2 km) in length, and this tornado caused 2 deaths and 55 injuries, along with $101 million in property damage. The two deaths were sisters who died when their car was picked up and hurled over a building before being slammed to the ground; both young women were UMCP students.This tornado was part of the Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., tornado outbreak of 2001, one of the most dramatic recent tornado events to directly affect the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area.The first tornado of the outbreak was also the strongest – an F4 (see Fujita scale) tornado that left a 10-mile (16 km)-long damage path through rural Culpeper and Fauquier Counties in Virginia. Weak (F1) tornadoes east of Warrenton, and just west of Dulles International Airport soon followed.A second supercell to the southeast spawned the family of tornadoes that moved through Washington. A first tornado (F0) was confirmed in the Quantico and Prince William Forest Park areas; this was soon followed by an F1 tornado that left a 15-mile (24 km)-long path parallel to I-95 and I-395 through Franconia, western Alexandria and Arlington. This tornado dissipated near the west end of the Mall in Washington, D.C., and was followed by many reports of funnel clouds. This same storm produced the F3 tornado that roared through College Park.
Historic sites
The following is a list of historic sites in College Park identified by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission. Part of the city is located within the Calvert Hills Historic District; listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 24,657 people, 6,030 households, and 3,039 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,537.5 people per square mile (1,753.2/km²). There were 6,245 housing units at an average density of 1,149.2/sq mi (444.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 68.82% White, 15.93% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 10.03% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 2.57% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. 5.54% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.There were 6,030 households out of which 19.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 49.6% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.11.In the city the population was spread out with 10.5% under the age of 18, 51.3% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 11.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.2 males.The median income for a household in the city was $50,168, and the median income for a family was $62,759 (these figures had risen to $66,953 and $82,295 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $40,445 versus $31,631 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,026. About 4.2% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The Government of College Park is a Council-Manager form of government. The city manager is appointed by the city council and the mayor elected every two years. The council has eight councilmembers, representing four districts in the city. City Council meetings are held once a week at the College Park City Hall.The current Mayor of College Park is Andrew M. Fellows, who took office in 2009. Previous mayors were:College Park has six government departments:
Development
By the turn of the 21st century, College Park began experiencing significant development pressure. Both students and city residents have decried the city's lack of amenities and poor sense of place. In 2002, the city and county passed the Route 1 Sector Plan, which allowed and encouraged mixed use development on College Park's main roadway.Recent projects like the East Campus Redevelopment Initiative, the University View and Northgate Condos give many in the community hope that the city may one day be like other notable college towns around the country, with a vibrant downtown and a diverse population. A full list of current projects in the pipeline can be found on the City of College Park's Economic Development Updates.The University of Maryland's Student Government Association sponsored a design charrette in April 2006 to envision the future of College Park. In July 2006, a group of students created Rethink College Park—a community group providing a website to share information about development and encourage public dialogue.Currently, in the year 2010, there have been notable architectural additions to the city of College Park, Maryland. A parking garage was completed in the downtown area in August 2009 near the intersection of Route 1 and Knox Road. The View apartments, mentioned above, recently completed two new towers to add to their apartment complex. Next to the View apartments, graduate school apartment towers are being constructed, with completion anticipated in Fall 2011.
Economy
According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
Airport
College Park Airport is one of the oldest continuously operating airports in the United States and is one of the oldest airports in the world, having been in continuous operation since 1909. Its future status is uncertain, as it lies just a few miles outside the restricted airspace of Washington, D.C. In 1977, the airport was added to the National Register of Historic Places.
Major highways
Interstate 495 (Capital Beltway)joinsI-95at theCollege Park Interchange, connecting withAlexandriaandRichmond,Virginia. West of the interchange, I-495 continues west towardSilver Spring, MarylandandNorthern Virginia.
U.S. 1is a major north-south roadway running through College Park, serving as the main street in the downtown area. It is a major route toBeltsvilleandLaurelto the north andHyattsvilleandWashington, DCto the south.
Public transportation
College Park has a station (College Park-U of Md) on the Washington Metro Green Line; a large commuter parking garage was completed in 2004 adjacent to the Metro station. MARC trains run on CSX tracks adjacent to the Green Line and stop at a small station next to the College Park Metro station. The Metro station lies at what had been the historic junction of Calvert Road and the CSX tracks.College Park had streetcar service from 1903 to 1962 along what is now Rhode Island Avenue and the College Park Trolley Trail.
Media
UMTV (University of Maryland)
WMUCbroadcasts from the University of Maryland campus, with a range of two miles (3 km) - roughly from the campus to the Beltway. It is also broadcast over the internet atwmucradio.com.
The Diamondback, a student publication, is distributed five days a week on a limited basis downtown, including in city hall, and widely on the campus of the University of Maryland.
A College Park edition ofThe Gazette(a weekly publication distributed widely featuring community news) is available throughout the city and is distributed free.
The oldest operationalPersianPodcastis calledRadio College Parkas it is produced by a group of Iranian graduate students at theUniversity of Maryland, College Park.
Colleges and universities
The University of Maryland, College Park, the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland is located within the College Park city limits.
Public schools
College Park is served by Prince George's County Public Schools. The city is zoned to several different schools.Elementary school students attend:Hollywood Elementary School(in College Park)
Paint Branch Elementary School(in College Park)
University Park Elementary School(inUniversity Park)
Mary Harris 'Mother' Jones Elementary School(Adelphi CDP)
Middle school students attend:Greenbelt Middle School(inGreenbelt)
Hyattsville Middle School(inHyattsville)
Buck Lodge Middle School(Adelphi CDP)
High school students attend:Eleanor Roosevelt High School(Greenbelt)
High Point High School(Beltsville CDP)
Northwestern High School(Hyattsville)
Parkdale High School(Riverdale Park)
Private schools
Al Huda School, K-10
Berwyn Baptist School, PreK-8
Friends Community School, K-8
Holy Redeemer School, K-8
St. Mark the Evangelist School, K-8
Museums
The Art Gallery at the University of Maryland
College Park Aviation Museum
National Museum of Language
City-student politics
Like many college towns, College Park has had its share of political controversy. Occasionally, University of Maryland students plan voter registration drives and seek to elect one of their own to the city council. City residents, including students living within the city are eligible to run for city council if they are over the age of 21. Over the past twenty years there have been multiple attempts, none of which were successful until Marcus Afzali won a seat in 2009.1993 – Dana L. Loewenstein & Michael J. Moore– Perhaps the most controversial of all student races was that of Loewenstein, a former president of thePanhellenic Association, the sorority umbrella organization at the university. A year after she had lost the election, she was charged with 16 counts ofperjury, 16 counts of aiding and advising to falsely register voters and faced a maximum prison sentence of over 200+ years. Ms. Loewenstein's opponent in the council race, Michael Smith, joined former council member Chester Joy in filing a complaint with thePrince George's CountyBoard of Elections days before the Nov. 2 election. The complaint alleged that 16 of hersororitypledges lived in one district but registered in another. The complaint was turned over to the state's attorney, who filed criminal charges against Loewenstein a year after she lost the election. The complaint alleged that all of the pledges lived in on-campus dorms but used theSigma Delta Tauhouse address as their residence. At trial, the 16 sorority pledges testified they signed the registration cards during their first meeting, when they were probationary members. Loewenstein was found not guilty by the Circuit Court.
2001 – Mike Mann & Daniel Dorfman– In November 2001,Michael Mannand Daniel Dorfman, sought the two District 3 seats on the College Park City Council. Campaigning against incumbent Eric Olson and for an open seat created by then-councilman Brayman's decision to run for mayor, the two campaigned heavily to inform students there was a council race going on that year, and registered over 700 students to vote in the municipal election. Despite their hard work and an almost year-long campaign, they were defeated.
2007 – Nick Aragon– In January 2007, Nick Aragon lost a special election for the city council. Two incumbents created a vacancy when they were elected to higher county offices. In turn, the city was forced to hold aspecial electionafter the November 2006 elections. The city chose an election date during the university's winter recess, a time when many students were away from the city. With some help from theStudent Government Association (SGA)and an endorsement by College Park MayorSteve Brayman, the Aragon campaign encouraged students to use absentee ballots, although few actually did, and Aragon lost the election.
2009- Marcus Afzali- Marcus Afzali, a 24-year-old doctoral student in the Department of Government and Politics at UMD, won a seat on the city council representing District 4 in November 2009. Afzali attributed displays of 'energy'--exemplified by taking time to knock on doors and reach out to residents—as the cause behind his success. The 2009 election is notable not only for Afzali's performance at the polls, but for the fact that both District 4 incumbents lost.
