Newburyport, Massachusetts
Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 28 miles (61 km) northeast of Boston. The population was 21,189 at the 2000 census. An historic seaport with a vibrant tourism industry, Newburyport includes part of Plum Island. The mooring, winter storage and maintenance of recreational boats, motor and sail, still contribute a large part of the city's income. A coast guard station keeps a watchful eye on boating activity, especially in the swift tidal currents of the Merrimack River.At the edge of Newbury Marshes, delineating Newburyport to the south, an industrial park provides a wide range of jobs. Newburyport is on a major north-south highway, Interstate 95. The outer circumferential highway of Boston, Interstate 495, passes nearby in Amesbury. The Newburyport Turnpike (U.S. Route 1), still traverses Newburyport on its way north. The commuter rail line to Boston ends in a new station at Newburyport. The earlier Boston and Maine Railroad leading further north was discontinued, but a portion of it has been converted into a recreation trail.
History
Newburyport was settled in 1635 as part of Newberry Plantation, now Newbury. On January 28, 1764, the General Court of Massachusetts passed 'An act for erecting part of the town of Newbury into a new town by the name of Newburyport.' The act begins:Whereas the town of Newbury is very large, and the inhabitants of that part of it who dwell by the water-side there, as it is commonly called, are mostly merchants, traders and artificers, and the inhabitants of the other parts of the town are chiefly husbandmen; by means whereof many difficulties and disputes have arisen in managing their public affairs - Be it enacted ... That that part of the said town of Newbury ... be and hereby are constituted and made a separate and distinct town ....The act was approved by Governor Francis Bernard on February 4, 1764. The new town was the smallest in Massachusetts, covering an area of 647 acres (2.62 km2), and had a population of 2800 living in 357 homes. There were three shipyards, no bridges, and several ferries, one of which at the foot of Fish Street, now State Street, carried the Portsmouth Flying Stage Coach, running between Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Boston.The town prospered and became a city in 1851. Situated near the mouth of the Merrimack River, it was once a fishing, shipbuilding and shipping center, with an industry in silverware manufacture. The captains of old Newburyport (as elsewhere in Massachusetts) had participated vigorously in the triangular trade, importing West Indian molasses and exporting rum made from it. The distilleries were located around Market Square near the waterfront. Caldwell's Old Newburyport rum was manufactured locally until well into the 19th-century.Although the purchase of slaves in Massachusetts was illegal, ownership of slaves purchased elsewhere was not; consequently the fine homes on High Street were staffed by African and Native American slaves until the newly independent General Court of Massachusetts abolished slavery altogether in the Revolutionary War.Newburyport had never been comfortable with slavery. It had been a frequent topic of pulpit rhetoric. After the Revolutionary War, abolitionism took a firm hold. Several citizens are recognized by the National Park Service for their contributions to the Underground Railroad. The abolitionist movement reached a peak with the activities of William Lloyd Garrison, who was born in Newburyport and raised in its anti-slavery climate. His statue stands in Brown Square, which was the scene of abolitionist meetings.Newburyport once had a fishing fleet that operated from Georges Bank to the mouth of the Merrimack River. It was a center for privateering during the Revolutionary War and War of 1812. Beginning about 1832, it added numerous ships to the whaling fleet. Later, clipper ships were built there. Today, the city gives little hint of its former maritime importance. Notably missing are the docks, which are shown on earlier maps extending into the channel of the Merrimack River, and the shipyards, where the waterfront parking lot is currently located.The city's historical highlights include:Historic events:FirstUnited States Coast Guardstation
First of many subsequentClipperships built here
First 'Tea Party' rebellion to oppose British Tea Tax
First state mint and treasury building
Oldest active and continuously running court house
Historic houses and museums:Cushing House Museum & Garden(c. 1808)
Newburyport Custom House Museum(1835), designed byRobert Mills
Literary interests:Was referred to in theH. P. Lovecraftstory, 'The Shadow Over Innsmouth', as being located nearbyInnsmouth.
Subject of the most ambitious community study ever undertaken, the Yankee City project conducted by anthropologistW. Lloyd Warnerand his associates
Historic preservation
Despite its former prosperity, in the 1950s and 1960s Newburyport's center fell into disrepair because of several factors, most notably strip malls taking away from local business and increased use of the automobile. At this time construction of major highways brought larger cities such as Lawrence and Lowell into shopping range. Consequently, by 1970 Newburyport's historic downtown section was scheduled to be razed prior to reconstruction with Federal money. Ideas to rebuild the city's downtown were numerous, ranging from hotels and new stores to, ironically, a strip mall, with few buildings left for historical reasons. At the last moment, however, the city changed its mind and signed a federal grant that allowed it to keep most of its historic architecture. Renovation and restorations began during the early 1970s, and continued throughout most of the decade, initially along State Street, and culminating with creation of a pedestrian mall along Inn Street. Newburyport is often cited as an example by preservationists of how to maintain a city's architecture and heritage, while still having it remain functional and liveable.
Geography
Newburyport is located at 42°48′45″N 70°52′39″W / 42.8125°N 70.8775°W / 42.8125; -70.8775 (42.812391, -70.877440). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.6 square miles (27.4 km2), of which, 8.4 square miles (21.7 km2) of it is land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) of it (20.77%) is water.The city is part of Massachusetts' North Shore; Newburyport was laid out on the elevated south bank of the Merrimack River between the river and Newbury marshes. The shipyards, now boatyards (and still vigorously active), extended along the bank at the edge of the river. They were connected by Merrimac Street, which ends upriver where the bank merges into bluffs covered with pine forest. Colonial residences extend up the bank from Merrimac Street to High Street (which is high) running parallel to it near the top of the ridge. The homes of the seafaring entrepreneurs line High Street. Many feature 'widow's walks', structures on the roof where the residents could look for the return of sailing vessels. Nearly every home maintains a splendid flower garden, most dating to colonial times. Various cross streets, such as State Street, Green Street and Market Street, connect Merrimac Street and High Street. The top of the ridge proved an ideal location for later institutions, such as Newburyport High School and nearby Anna Jaques Hospital. The ridge drops more sharply to the marsh on the other side. Along its margin a third parallel street developed, Low Street (which is low).The river bank gradually descends to marshes at Joppa Flats beyond downtown Newburyport. The Plum Island Turnpike was pushed out over the marsh on a causeway to a narrow part of the Plum Island River just to the south of where it connects to the mouth of the Merrimack. A drawbridge was built there, the only access to the island by road. On the Newburyport side a small airport, Plum Island Airport, was built at the edge of the marsh. The portion of Plum Island that is in the city has no direct access to the rest of the city; similarly, there is no access between the mainland and Woodbridge Island or Seal Island west of Plum Island (the latter being shared between Newburyport and Newbury). Several parks and beaches dot the city, including Plum Island Point Beach, Simmons Beach, Joppa Park, Waterfront Park, Woodman Park, Cashman Park, Moseley Pines Park and Atkinson Common and Marsh's Hill Park. Newburyport Forest is located in the southwest corner of the city, and Maudslay State Park lies along the northwest part of the city, along the banks of the Merrimack.Newburyport is located 36 miles (58 km) north-northeast of Boston, 19 miles (31 km) east-northeast of Lawrence, and 21 miles (34 km) south-southeast of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Just five miles (8 km) south of the New Hampshire border, the city borders the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Newbury to the south, West Newbury to the west, Amesbury to the northwest, and Salisbury to the north.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,189 people, 7,519 households, and 4,428 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,050.3 people per square mile (792.0/km2). There were 7,897 housing units at an average density of 942.0/sq mi (363.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.11% White, 4.42% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.16% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.88% of the population. The top 5 ethnic groups are .Irish - 25% · English - 16% · Italian - 11% · French (except Basque) - 7% · German - 6%There were 7,519 households out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.In the city the population was spread out with 20.7% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 28.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.The median income for a household in the city was $58,557, and the median income for a family was $73,306. Males had a median income of $51,831 versus $37,853 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,187. About .8% of families and .2% of the population were below the poverty line, including .3% of those under age 18 and .9% of those age 65 or over.
Government
Since its founding as a city in 1851, Newburyport has been run by a mayor with a two-year term and an eleven member City Council. During the middle twentieth century Newburyport enjoyed a typical 'small community' approach, conducted, most notably, by city mayor and activist Ed Molin, who died in 2005. The current mayor of Newburyport is Donna Holaday, and the next election year for mayor is 2011.
News
Newburyport currently has two major newspapers in circulation:The Daily News of Newburyport
The Newburyport Current
There also exists an alternative, politically focused journal called 'The Undertoad', which was run by editor Tom Ryan until 2007 when it was sold to Salisbury resident Steve Nichols.
Transportation
Interstate 95 passes through the western side of town, with one exit at Route 113. Route 113 itself has its eastern terminus at U.S. Route 1 and Massachusetts Route 1A, with Route 1A continuing along the same right of way as 113 towards Newbury. Route 1 and 1A cross the river along the Newburyport Turnpike Bridge; it had originally followed State Street and ended at Merrimac and Water Streets before crossing the river via ferry to Salisbury. The Turnpike Bridge is the easternmost crossing of the Merrimack; upstream the river is crossed by the Newburyport Railroad Bridge (just west of the Turnpike Bridge), the Chain Bridge, one of the oldest bridges along the river, and the Whittier Memorial Bridge, which brings Interstate 95 to Amesbury. The Merrimack Valley Regional Transit Authority provides bus service between the city and Haverhill; otherwise there is no bus service in the city. Newburyport is the northern terminus of the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, providing access through several North Shore cities to Boston's North Station. The nearest commercial air service can be found at Boston's Logan International Airport.
Education
According to the Sixty-Fifth Edition of The Clipper's Compass: A Student Handbook for 2005–2006, Newburyport High School was the result of the union in 1868 of the Latin and English High School (1831), later called the Brown High School (1851), the Putnam Free School (1848) and the Female High School (1843). After the union it was the Consolidated High and Putnam School, to become Newburyport High School in 1889.The current building, designed by architect Edwin Dodge, occupies the previous Mount Rural on High Street. The school has been renovated a number of times. Today it is a fine-looking building with a grand entrance overlooking lawns sweeping down to High Street. The hill continues to descend to the river. The slope supports a residential area of colonial and nineteenth century buildings in good repair.The school colors are crimson and old gold; the emblem is a clipper ship. There is a song and a flag. The school has a student government and athletic programs.Concerning accreditation the handbook says: 'Newburyport High School is an accredited member of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and has met the evaluation requirements of the Commission on Public Secondary Schools.'The current site of Newburyport High School was purchased from Harvard University early in the 20th century[citation needed]. Newburyport High School is one of the oldest public high schools in the United States.Newburyport is served by the Newburyport Public Library, part of the Merrimack Valley Library Consortium.
Schools
George W. Brown School — pre-kindergarten and kindergarten
Francis T. Bresnahan — grades 1 to 3
Edward G. Molin Upper Elementary School—grades 4 and 5
River Valley Charter School — grades kindergarten to 8
Rupert A. Nock Middle School — grades 6 to 8
Newburyport High School- grades 9 to 12
Immaculate Conception Catholic school — grades pre-kindergarten to 8
Newburyport Montessori School - pre-kindergarten and kindergarten
Inn Street Montessori School - grades 1 to 8
Yankee Homecoming
Yankee Homecoming is the annual festival celebrating the natives coming home to Newburyport. The event was initiated in 1957 by native Newburyporter George Cashman, who sought to stimulate the economy and lift the spirit of the citizens.It lasts one week. The first Sunday of the festival, known as 'Olde Fashioned Sunday', is celebrated at the Bartlet Mall in Newburyport, and features many activities, including an art show, an appearance by the city's oldest fire engine, the 'Neptune', and the participation of many local businesses. There is also an antique car parade. Each Yankee Homecoming features a grand marshal and numerous street vendors.The festival includes eight days and over 200 events. There are concerts every night at Market Landing Park. Other popular events include the Newburyport Lions' 10-mile (16 km) and 5-kilometer road races, which run through the city's downtown streets and neighborhoods. There is also a 45-minute fireworks show on Saturday night, which is followed the concluding Sunday by the famous Yankee Homecoming parade.Newburyport's 'Yankee Homecoming' is the second oldest homecoming festival in the United States. Many charities raise their funds during this time. The Yankee Homecoming Festival celebrates its 53rd year in Newburyport this year.
Waterfront Concert Series
Held Friday evenings in Waterfront Park in downtown Newburyport, these free concerts are intended for all ages. The concerts are presented by the Newburyport Chamber of Commerce and the Waterfront Trust and are sponsored by a local insurance agency, Arthur S Page Insurance.
Newburyport Literary Festival
Held during the last weekend of April, The Newburyport Literary Festival was started in 2006 as a new effort by the city to increase interest in reading and literary arts. Many local authors are invited to sign and chat about their book, and schoolchildren create projects to show to an author that visits their school. Among the authors that regularly visit are Andre Dubus III and Tess Gerritsen.
Points of interest
Over the years, the town has cultivated a significant tourist population. The quaint downtown shopping center includes businesses that appeal to all ages. Local businesses and restaurants surround Market Square and along State Street. During festivals throughout the year, visitors are invited to enjoy concerts, food, and entertainment. An old mill building on Liberty Street is home to other small businesses and a local farmers' market during the summer season. The historic area has a charming feel and upbeat atmosphere.High Street is a remarkable street of fine old Federal-style houses, linking the Atkinson Common (1893–1894) with the Bartlett Mall, site of the Charles Bulfinch-designed Essex County Superior Courthouse (1805). Laid out in 1801, the Bartlett Mall was redesigned in the 1880s by noted Boston landscape architect Charles Eliot, with later improvements by Arthur Shurcliff.First Presbyterian Church, Newburyport dates from 1756. The clock tower bell was cast by Paul Revere. One of the most famous individuals in 18th century America, evangelist George Whitefield, before dying in Newburyport in 1770, asked that his remains be buried under the pulpit of the 'Old South' church and they are there to this day.Some other points of interest are: the city's historic waterfront, Atwood Park located in the south end of Newburyport, Market Square & Inn Street, Cashman Park and Brown Square, graced with a statue to 'Garrison the Liberator', before the City Hall. The recently restored City Hall itself is a fine old building featuring in the first floor corridor a portrait gallery of some of those who have fallen in service of their country. Others are listed on the central monument in Atkinson Common.Cushing House Museum & Garden
Chain Bridge
Joppa Flats Education Center & Wildlife Sanctuary
Maudslay State Park
Parker River National Wildlife Refuge
Sister cities
Bura, Kenya
Zelenogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia
Notable residents
Raymond Abbott(1942-), author
John Quincy Adams(1767–1848), president, resided in Newburyport 1787-88
Caleb Cushing(1800–1879), diplomat and politician
'Lord' Timothy Dexter(1748–1806), eccentric
Andre Dubus III(1959-), novelist
Cameron Doyle(1915–1989), World War II commander, played a major role in the Battle of the Bulge
William Lloyd Garrison(1805–1879), abolitionist
Adolphus Greely(1844–1935), polar explorer
Charles Tillinghast James(1805–1862), early consulting mechanical engineer, designer and promoter of the early cotton steam mills. He designed the Bartlett, James, and Globe cotton steam mills in Newburyport and resided on High St. from 1839-1846. He was later a US Senator from Rhode Island.
Mark Johnson(1912–1989), writer
Rufus King(1755–1827), diplomat and politician
Thomas B. Lawson(1807–1888), artist
Francis Cabot Lowell(1775–1817), manufacturer
John Lowell(1743–1802), congressman and federal judge
John P. Marquand(1893–1960), author
Donald McKay(1810–1880), shipbuilder
Johnny Messner(1970-), actor
Theophilus Parsons(1750–1813), jurist
James Parton(1822–1891), biographer
Edmund Pearson(1880–1937), librarian and true crime writer
Jacob Perkins(1766–1849) early American inventor
Timothy Pilsbury(1789–1858), congressman fromTexas
Harriet Prescott Spofford(1835–1921), writer
Matthew Thornton(1714–1803), signer of theDeclaration of Independence
William S. Tilton(1828–1889), Civil War brigade commander at the Battle of Gettysburg
Peter Tolan(1958-), television/film producer and writer
William Wheelwright(1798–1873) sea captain, US consul in Chile, steamship and railroad promoter in South America
Bibliography
Newburyport Public Library
List of newspapers in Massachusetts in the 18th-century: Newburyport
^Currier 1902, p. 267.
^Currier (1906) pages 5, 27-29.
^'US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990'.United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03.http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^'American FactFinder'.United States Census Bureau.http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^'Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 15, 2008'(PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division.http://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/elepdf/st_county_town_enroll_breakdown_08.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
Adams, John Quincy; Adams, Charles Francis (1903) [1788].Life in a New England Town, 1787, 1788. Diary of John Quincy Adams While a student in the office ofTheophilus Parsonsat Newburyport. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Smith, Mrs. E. Vale (2008) [1854].History of Newburyport; from the Earliest Settlement of the Country to the Present Time; with a Biographical Appendix. Newburyport, Massachusetts; Internet Archive.http://www.archive.org/details/historyofnewbury00blak.
Hurd, Duane Hamilton, supervisor of compilation (1888).History of Essex County, Massachusetts, with Biographical Sketches of Many of the Pioneers and Prominent Men. Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis & Co. Two volumes, 957 and 1173 pages. Newburyport is in Volume II; however, there are scattered facts throughout. The first half of Volume I is downloadable from Google Books. Republished (1992) by Higginson Book Company, ISBN083282450x. In that edition, Hurd is called an editor.
Currier, John J. (1906, 1909).History of Newburyport, Mass. 1764-1905 with Maps and Illustrations. Newburyport: John J. Currier. pp. 766 and 679 pages. Two volumes. Reprints and facsimiles exist.
Currier, John James (1902).History of Newbury, Mass. 1635-1902. Boston: Damrell & Upham.
Emery, Sarah Smith (1879).Reminiscences of a Nonagenarian.. Newbortport.
