Redlands, California
Redlands (pronounced /ˈrɛdlɨndz/) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 63,591. The city is located 10 miles (16 km) east of downtown San Bernardino.[citation needed]
History
The area now occupied by Redlands was originally part of the territory of the Morongo and Aguas Calientes tribes of Cahuilla people. Explorations such as those of Pedro Fages and Francisco Garcés sought to extend Catholic influence to the indigenous people and the dominion of the Spanish crown into the area in the 1770s. The Serrano (Mountain-dwelling Cahuilla) village of Guachama, located just to the west of present-day Redlands, was visited by Fr. Francisco Dumetz in 1810, and was the reason the site was chosen for a mission outpost. Dumetz reached the village on May 20, the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, and thus named the region the San Bernardino Valley. The Franciscan friars from San Gabriel established the San Bernardino Asistencia in 1819 and embarked on the usual program of training the native tribes to raise crops and encouraging permanent settlements. By 1820, a ditch, known as a zanja, was dug by the natives for the friars from Mill Creek to the Asistencia. In 1822, word of the Mexican triumph in the War of Independence reached the inland area, and lands previously claimed by Spain passed to the custody of the Mexican government.In 1842, the Lugo family bought the Rancho San Bernardino Mexican land grant and this became the first fixed settler civilization in the area. The area northwest of current Redlands, astride the Santa Ana River, would become known as Lugonia. In 1851, the area received its first Anglo inhabitants in the form of several hundred Mormon pioneers, who purchased the entire Rancho San Bernardino, founded nearby San Bernardino, and established a prosperous farming community watered by the many lakes and streams of the San Bernardino Mountains. The Mormon community left wholesale in 1857, recalled to Utah by Brigham Young during the tensions with the federal government that ultimately led to the brief Utah War. Benjamin Barton purchased 1,000 acres (4 km2) from the Latter-day Saints and planted extensive vineyards and built a winery.'The first settler on the site of the present Redlands is recorded to have erected a hut at the corner of what is now Cajon St. and Cypress Ave.; he was a sheep herder, and the year, 1865,' reported Ira L. Swett in 'Tractions of the Orange Empire.' Lugonia attracted settlers; in 1869, Barry Roberts, followed a year later by the Craw and Glover families. 'The first school teacher in Lugonia, George W. Beattie, arrived in 1874—shortly followed by the town's first negro settler, Israel Beal.'
Railroads
In the 1880s, the arrival of the Southern Pacific and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads, connecting Southern California to San Francisco and Salt Lake triggered a land boom, with speculators such as John W. North flooding the area now known as the Inland Empire. North and others saw the area, with its hot, dry climate and ready access to water as an ideal center for citrus production. The city of Redlands was soon established by Frank E. Brown, a civil engineer, and E. G. Judson, a New York stock broker, to provide a center (along with North's nearby settlement at Riverside) for the burgeoning citrus industry. They named their city “Redlands” after the color of the adobe soil. So large had the area grown by 1888 that it was decided to incorporate. 'A red-letter day in the Annals of Redlands,' pronounced Scipio Craig, editor of The Citrograph newspaper, of the November 26 incorporation. The original community of Lugonia was absorbed at this time.The Redlands Street Railway Company was incorporated on March 22, 1888, acquiring on June 5 a franchise from the San Bernardino County Supervisors dating to December 1887, conveying the right to construct, operate and maintain for a term of 50 years a line of street railways in Redlands, Terracina and vicinity. The initial operations began in June 1889 with a single-track line operating two-mule-team cars, the first street railway company of several to provide service to the community. Electrification and new rails replaced mules in 1899. Most Redlands street railways would pass to the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company in a consolidation on June 3, 1903, and thence to the Pacific Electric in the 'Great Merger' of Huntington properties under new ownership by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company on February 8, 1911. Henry E. Huntington, nephew of late Southern Pacific president Collis P. Huntington, had gained control of the four-mile-long streetcar line of the Redlands Central Railway Company in 1908.The Pacific Electric Railway completed an interurban connection between Los Angeles and San Bernardino in 1914, providing a convenient, speedy connection to the fast-growing city of Los Angeles and its new port at San Pedro, bringing greater prosperity to the town and a new role as a vacation destination for wealthy Angelenos. Redlands was the eastern terminus of the 'Big Red Car' system. At its peak, PE operated five local routes in Redlands, with trolleys running to Smiley Heights, and on Orange, Olive, and Citrus Avenues. Pacific Electric interurban service to Redlands was abandoned on July 20, 1936, although PE and Southern Pacific (parent company of PE) provided freight service as far as the Sunkist packing plant on San Bernardino Avenue into at least the 1970s. The abandoned Pacific Electric La Quinta trestle over the Santa Ana River stands today, immediately south of San Bernardino International Airport.
Redlands peak period
At the turn of the 20th century, Redlands was the 'Palm Springs' of the next century, with roses being planted along many city thoroughfares. Some of these plantings would survive as wild thickets into the 1970s, especially adjacent to orange groves where property management was lax. Washingtonia palms (Washintonia robusta) were planted along many main avenues. In fact, Redlands was the first city to have center medians with trees or gardens in between roads. So beautifully kept was the area, with the dramatic mountain backdrops, that for several years the Santa Fe Railroad operated excursion trains along the loop that passed through the orange groves of Redlands and Mentone, across the Santa Ana River, and back into San Bernardino via East Highlands, Highlands and Patton, and advertised as the 'Kite Route' due to its multi-sided alignment. The trestle over 'the Wash' north of Mentone was carried away during a flood in 1938 and never replaced, the line being truncated there. The Southern Pacific branch line from the San Timoteo Canyon to Crafton was abandoned after the packing house business died. A thru-truss bridge over the Zanja (locally pronounced 'Zank-ee') exists today, abandoned in place. Burlington Northern Santa Fe, result of the AT&SF-Burlington Northern merger, applied to abandon its San Bernardino-connected branch line east of downtown Redlands in 2007. A move was made by transit activists to have this branch revitalized as part of the Southern California transit districts, but it came to nothing.The city has been visited by three Presidents, President McKinley was the first in 1901, followed by President Teddy Roosevelt in 1903 and President William H. Taft. Local landmarks include the A.K. Smiley Public Library, a Moorish-style library built in 1898, and the Redlands Bowl, built in 1930 and home of the oldest continuously free outdoor concert series in the United States. Located behind the Smiley Library is the Lincoln Shrine, the only memorial honoring the 'Great Emancipator', the sixteenth president, west of the Mississippi River. Other famous homes include “America’s Favorite Victorian,” the Morey Mansion, on Terracina Boulevard, and the Kimberly Crest House and Gardens, a home museum featured on the PBS series “America’s Castles.” Named after the family that purchased the house, the owners of Kimberly-Clark (makers of paper goods and Kleenex), it is a beautiful mansion set high on a hill overlooking the whole valley. Redlands is still regarded as the 'Jewel of the Inland Empire.' In the mid-late 20th Century, Redlands was home to various light manufacturing firms, and became a bedroom community for the military personnel and contractor employees of the aerospace industry that supported missions at Norton Air Force Base as well as the Lockheed Propulsion Company plant in Mentone. The citrus industry declined in the area as more agricultural areas were replaced by subdivisions, and all three citrus packing houses (two in downtown and one on San Bernardino Avenue) had closed by the end of the 1900s.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 92.5 km² (35.7 mi²). 91.9 km² (35.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it (0.76%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 63,591 people, 23,593 households, and 16,019 families residing in the city. The population density was 692.2/km² (1,793.1/mi²). There were 24,790 housing units at an average density of 269.8/km² (699.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.7% White, 4.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 5.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 11.3% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.1% of the population. The approximate population is 72,008 (as of March 2008).There were 23,593 households out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2.In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.The median income for a household in the city was $58,155, and the median income for a family was $76,254. Males had a median income of $64,408 versus $52,122 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,237. About 2.7% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.The 2008 population estimated by the California Department of Finance was 71,807.
Federal
Redlands is located in California's 41st congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of R +9 and is represented by Republican Jerry Lewis.
State
In the state legislature Redlands is located in the 31st Senate District, represented by Republican Robert Dutton, and in the 59th, 63rd and 65th Assembly Districts, represented by Republicans Anthony Adams, Bill Emmerson, and Paul Cook respectively.
Local
The city uses a Mayor and City-Council system, each serving a four year term.
Higher education
University of Redlands
ESRILearning Center[citation needed]
Community Christian College
Public education
Redlands Unified School DistrictCitrus Valley High School
Redlands East Valley High School
Redlands High School
Orangewood High School(Continuation)
The Grove School(charter)
Beattie Middle School
Cope Middle School
Clement Middle School
Moore Middle School
Private education
Christ the King Lutheran Church & School
Arrowhead Christian Academy
The Packinghouse Christian Academy
Chartwell School
Hope Christian School
Redlands Adventist Academy
Redlands Christian School
Valley Preparatory School
Montessori in Redlands
Sacred Heart Academy
Transportation
Coming west from Los Angeles and heading east toward Palm Springs, Interstate 10 bisects Redlands. A tempestuous political battle occurred in the 1950s when three routes for the new freeway were considered, one north of town through the Lugonia district, the center route through the city, and a southern alignment through San Timoteo Canyon, parallelling the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. The central route was finalized in 1957 and Redlands Mayor Charles Parker cut the ceremonial ribbon to open the new interstate on August 28, 1962. The new State Route 210 or Foothill Freeway ends at Interstate 10 in Redlands, then heads west toward Pasadena and Los Angeles. The San Bernardino line of the Greater Los Angeles regional transportation system called Metrolink has a stop in nearby San Bernardino. The San Bernardino based Omnitrans bus system which handles the bus service for the area serves Redlands.
Airports
Los Angeles International Airport, 59 miles west.
Redlands Municipal Airportis ageneral aviationairport located on the Northeastern end of the city.
LA/Ontario International Airportis about 20 miles (32 km) west.
San Bernardino International Airport, the formerNorton Air Force Basewill provide passenger service to the city in Fall 2009.
Economy
Five Ten Footwear - Headquarters.
La-Z-Boy- Western U.S. Headquarters\Distribution and manufacturing center.
Salton Inc.- General Contractors-Industrial Buildings and Warehouses. (George Foreman Grills)
Hydro Tek Systems– A manufacturer of high pressure washers and industrial cleaning equipment
Gill Batteries– Manufacturer of Aviation Batteries, used in everything from General Aviation aircraft to Airliners
Museums
Redlands Historical Museum, located inside theA.K. Smiley Libraryon the grounds of Smiley Park in downtown Redlands. The Museum will refurbish the old 1940 City Hall, now used as the Redlands Police Department as their new Museum Center. The Heritage Center holds various Pictures, Pamphlets, Maps, Yearbooks, Newspapers, manuscripts and books all relating to the rise of Redlands as anavel orangeproducing mecca to the close knit community is has become today.
San Bernardino County Museum(SBCM), is a regional museum with exhibits and collections in cultural and natural history. Special exhibits, the Exploration Station live animal discovery center, extensive research collections, and public programs for adults, families, students, and children are all part of the museum experience. The SBCM also runs theSan Bernardino de Sena Estancia.
Redlands Historical Glass Museumholds displays of American Glassware dating from the early 19th century to contemporary times. Displays include, glass fromHeisey,Cambridge,Fenton Art Glass Company,Fostoria, andSandwichfactories as well as those that produced depression-era glassware. Items on display include candlesticks, compotes, milk glass, stems, bowls, historical plates, salts, kerosene lamps-and even several items from the estate ofLiberace.
Historic structures
Kimberly Crest House and Gardens, built in 1897 thisFrench château-stylehome is preserved by the Kimberly-Shirk Association that was formed for that purpose. This three-story chateau is over 7,000 square feet (650 m2) and was originally built for Mrs. Cornelia A. Hill. In 1905J. Alfred Kimberly(co-founder ofKimberly-Clark) purchased this home for his family. His daughter, Mary Kimberly Shirk, lived in the home until her death in 1979. Before she passed the majority of the grounds were sold to the City of Redlands to become a botanical park, now known as Prospect Park. After her death, the home was left to 'the people of Redlands' and the monies from the sale of the park were used to create the Kimberly-Shirk Association that cares for the home and provides tours within.
Edwards Mansion, built in 1890 by one of the founders of Redlands, Citrus grower James S. Edwards, this structure was originally used not as a family home but as a boarding house. Mr. Edwards used standard plans and built the house on a small rise on Cajon St. from where the young orange groves he planted could be seen in every direction. Eventually the Edwards family moved into the structure and occupied it continually until 1958 when Mrs. Edwards died. Almost a decade later, Plymouth Village acquired the home and used it for their business offices until it was acquired by the Edwards Mansion complex in 1973 for the large sum of one dollar. The structure was moved to its current location off of the 10 freeway and restored to serve its current purpose as a popular wedding location.
Morey Mansion, built in 1890 with the proceeds from the sale of Sarah Morey's citrus nursery there is no known architect to this beautiful structure. David and Sarah Morey moved to Redlands in 1882 where David did carpentry work on many of the local structures and theBig Beardam. Sarah started a citrus nursery using seeds from local growers that became one of the foremost citrus nurseries in the area. She eventually sold it and used 1/2 the proceeds to build their family home. After the Morey family sold the house it was alternatively a bed and breakfast and private residence and now serves both functions. Located on the bluffs overlookingSan Timoteo Canyonit is known for its commanding view.
The Barton School House, built in 1877, is the oldest building in Redlands. The historic elementary school closed down in the 1960s and has since deteriorated on Nevada Street. In early 2008, construction had become huge in the area surrounding it and in late 2008, the land the property sat on was purchased for construction. Instead of destroying the building, the company paid to move it to Orange Street atThe Grove School's farm campus. The building has been moved but it is in 3 pieces and will be renovated and remodeled over the next 3 years. It will become the school's lunch area as well as theater. It is now owned and operated byThe Grove School, but the company that moved it will pay to reattach the 3 pieces, withThe Grove Schoolplanning to pay for the remodeling.
City parks
The city of Redlands owns and operates 14 public parks totaling more than 143 acres (0.58 km2):Brookside Park: a 9.2-acre (37,000 m2) neighborhood park with picnic and playground facilities. (Brookside Avenue between Terracina Boulevard and Bellevue Avenue)
Caroline Park: a 16.8-acre (68,000 m2) nature park with trails and open space planted with nativeCaliforniaplants and a water conservation garden. It houses a large variety of animals. Especially active near sundown. (Sunset Drive and Mariposa Drive)
Community Park: an 18.2-acre (74,000 m2) park with lighted baseball fields, tennis courts, picnic and playground facilities. (San Bernardino Avenue and Church Street)
Crafton Park: a 7.5-acre (30,000 m2)-neighborhood park with lighted soccer field, picnic and playground facilities. (Wabash Avenue and Independence Avenue)
Ed Hales Park: a .7-acre (2,800 m2) downtown park with picnic facilities. (State Street and Fifth Street)
Jennie Davis Park: a 5.2-acre (21,000 m2) neighborhood park with picnic and playground facilities. (Redlands Boulevard and New York Street)
Ford Park: a 27-acre (110,000 m2) park with two ponds for fishing, lighted tennis courts, picnic and playground facilities. (Redlands Boulevard and Ford Street)
Franklin Park: a .6-acre (2,400 m2) natural open space area. (Garden Street and Franklin Avenue)
Prospect Park: an 11.4-acre (46,000 m2) natural park with trails and picnic facilities. The park contains theAvice Meeker Sewall Theater, an outdoor amphitheater with seating for 407. (Cajon Street and Highland Avenue)
San Timoteo CanyonNature Preserve: a 40-acre (160,000 m2) natural preserve facility. (San Timoteo Canyon Road and Alessandro Road)
Simonds Parkway: a .9-acre (3,600 m2) neighborhood park. (Garden Street and Rossmont Drive)
Smiley Park: a 9.2-acre (37,000 m2) park at theRedlands Civic Center. This park is home toA.K. Smiley Public Library, a facility listed on theNational Register of Historic Places; theLincoln Memorial Shrine, built in 1932, containing the largest collection ofAbraham Lincolnmemorabilia west of theMississippi River; and theRedlands Bowl, an outdoor amphitheater with seating for approximately 4,000 where summer concerts are performed each Tuesday and Friday evening during July and August. (Eureka Street and Vine Street). The Lincoln Shrine is host to the annual Boy Scout Pilgrimage to the Lincoln Shrine.
Sylvan Park: a 23.3-acre (94,000 m2) park with softball field, group and individual picnic areas and playground facilities. (Colton Avenue and University Street)
Texonia Park: a 10.7-acre (43,000 m2) neighborhood park with lighted softball field, basketball courts, picnic and playground facilities. (Texas Street and Lugonia Avenue)
Redlands Sports Park: The 120-acre (0.49 km2) facility includes soccer fields, softball fields, group picnic facilities, playground and recreations elements. (Wabash Avenue and San Bernardino Avenue) byRedlands Municipal Airport
Local attractions
Citrus Plaza, a large open-airshopping center.
Pharaoh's Lost Kingdom: A theme and water park that is now in a state of decay. The park incorporates Egyptian themes, and includes a Go-Cart raceway, miniature golf, bumper cars, an amphitheater, and a water park. The park has been used in television filming, including a 2006 episode of C.S.I. Las Vegas featuring a rollercoaster accident. After a series of raves were held at the park, the Redlands City Council revoked the conditional operating permit for the park.[citation needed]
Novels
Jardien's Dream, a young adult novel published in October 2009, takes place in Redlands.
Religion
A variety of religions have a presence in Redlands, including a number of Christian faiths and Judaism. There is a Redlands Area Interfaith Council.The Redlands California Temple is the 116th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and one of four LDS temples in Southern California.
Notable natives and residents
Ashley Argota, actress
Joan Baez, folksinger, attendedRedlands High School
Brian Billick, former head coach of theBaltimore Ravens
Harry Blackstone, Jr., professional magician
Hugh 'Lumpy' Brannum, actor,Mr. Green JeansonCaptain Kangaroo
Barney Childs, composer
Ryan Christenson,MLBplayer for theOakland Athletics,Arizona Diamondbacks,Milwaukee Brewers, and theTexas Rangers
Jack Dangermond, founder ofESRI
Landon Donovan, professional soccer player for theLos Angeles Galaxyand theUS National Team
James Fallows, journalist forThe Atlantic Monthly
Davey Faragher, musician withElvis Costello
Tommy Hanson, professional baseball player for theAtlanta Braves.
Johnny Hickman, musician, guitarist forCracker
Taylor Horn, singer-songwriter and actress
Jeremy Ito, placekicker for the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team
Brion James, actor
Patrick Johnson, professional football player for theBaltimore Ravens
John Jorgenson, guitar virtuoso with theDesert Rose Band, theHellecasters, the John Jorgenson Quintet, and six-year member ofElton John's tour band - attended Moore Junior High, and Redlands High Schools
Jerry Lewis, congressman, ranking member of the House Appropriations Committee
David Lowery, musician/lead singer forCamper Van BeethovenandCracker
Benji Schwimmer, winner of the second season ofSo You Think You Can Dance
Lacey Schwimmer, one of the professional dancers on 'Dancing with the Stars'
Dave Stockton, professional golfer
Tim Tackett, martial artist
Mark Teahen, professional baseball player for theChicago White Sox
Joan Tewkesbury, American film director
Josh Whitesell, professional baseball player for theArizona Diamondbacks
Sister cities
Redlands has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:Hino,Japan
San Miguel de Allende,Mexico